In a groundbreaking study published in Advanced Energy Materials, a team of scientists from the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), led by Professor Vanessa Peterson, employed neutron scattering techniques to decipher the formation of potentially harmful lithium structures within rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Crucial Insights for Enhanced Battery Performance
While LIBs are ubiquitous in portable electronics and electric vehicles, their energy capacity falls short for emerging technologies. This study focuses on the challenges arising from replacing common electrodes with pure lithium metal, aiming to enhance energy storage. However, the formation of detrimental lithium structures, such as ‘whiskers,’ ‘moss,’ and ‘dendrites,’ poses a significant threat, leading to short-circuits and catastrophic battery failure.
Neutron Scattering Unveils Complex Structures
Professor Peterson emphasized the importance of understanding the formation of these structures to prevent their occurrence, facilitating the use of higher-energy batteries. The team utilized small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS) techniques with the Quokka and Kookaburra instruments at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering. These methods provided insights into the size and shape of lithium structures within batteries without disassembly.
Insightful Data Analysis
SANS and USANS data were collected from different battery components, allowing the isolation of information related to lithium structures. This data-driven approach aided in designing a symmetrical pouch cell, ideal for studying lithium deposition changes. The precision of neutron scattering techniques surpassed traditional methods like X-ray imaging and microscopy.
Sensitive to Battery History
The study uncovered the sensitivity of SANS and USANS to the interfaces between lithium and electrolyte due to lithium deposition. Mathematical models were employed to quantify surface area and interface distances, revealing complex variations based on the battery’s usage history.
Path Forward and Implications
Professor Peterson emphasized the research’s potential for future investigations, exploring factors such as electric current, charging time, and the cyclic process of lithium deposition. Understanding these nuances is crucial for addressing challenges associated with lithium dendrite growth, paving the way for advancements in lithium-ion battery technology.
Contributions and Expertise
Contributors from ANSTO included Christophe Didier, Prof Elliot Gilbert, and Dr. Jitendra Mata. Their collective expertise in material analysis for energy applications continues to be instrumental in advancing battery technologies.
Source: miragenews.com
