In a groundbreaking move to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy, Chinese scientists and engineers are spearheading initiatives to harness abundant solar energy in space and transmit it wirelessly to Earth.
Challenges in Space-Based Solar Power
Multiple Chinese teams are dedicated to overcoming technical challenges in constructing and operating a space-based solar power facility, enabling uninterrupted capture of the sun’s energy—a feat unattainable from Earth. Hou Xinbin, a senior researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology, outlines plans to convert collected solar energy into electromagnetic radiation like microwaves and laser beams. These would be wirelessly transmitted to Earth’s surface, with receiving stations converting them into electricity for distribution to power grids.
Innovative Testing System in Orbit
To validate the feasibility of space-based solar power generation, a proposed technology demonstration mission involves deploying a pair of satellites into orbit—one large for collecting solar power and converting it, and a smaller one for receiving laser beams. A ground station would manage microwave reception, forming an in-orbit testing system for wireless power transfer.
Technical Hurdles and Long-Term Vision
Technical obstacles, including developing high-performance components with suitable sizes and weights, remain a priority. Ensuring precise power beam delivery to ground receiving stations is crucial. Additionally, long-term plans involve transporting large, heavy parts to orbit and assembling a colossal power station.
Clean Energy Imperative in China
China’s push for new sources of clean energy aligns with its commitment to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Pang Zhihao, an expert in space exploration, emphasizes the attractiveness of space-based solar power stations, offering a pollution-free and limitless energy source.
Global Aspirations and Recent Advancements
The concept of an orbital solar power plant dates back to 1968, gaining renewed interest and investment. Recent milestones include the US Naval Research Laboratory’s 2020 test of solar power generation in a spacecraft and the successful launch of the Space Solar Power Demonstrator by the California Institute of Technology in January 2023.
As China pioneers space-based solar power, the potential to harness continuous sunlight offers a transformative solution to global energy shortages and environmental concerns.
Source: chinadaily.com.cn
